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Why Transformer Condition Monitoring?

Why do transformers need monitoring?

Transformer condition monitoring is necessary as Transformers are critical electrical assets responsible for the safe and reliable transmission and distribution of power from the grid to end-users. They operate continuously under harsh and extreme conditions, which reduces their efficiency and lifespan over time. The consequences of reduced health led to catastrophic failures and unplanned downtime, which in turn affect the entire grid’s operations. A power transformer can fail due to:

  • Electrical- short circuits, open circuits
  • Dielectric- partial discharges
  • Thermal- overheating,  hotspots.
  • Chemical- corrosion, gas & oil contamination 

According to the report published by CIGRE on Transformer Reliability 2024, major transformer faults occur within these critical transformer components:

  1. Bushings
  2. Windings
  3. Tap Changers
  4. Insulation System or Dielectric Design
  5. Transformer Core & Tank

Why Traditional Monitoring Systems Fail?

Traditional monitoring systems rely on time-based inspections, which often fail to identify minor issues that develop in critical components over time, leading to catastrophic failures. These inspections also rely on manual methods, increasing the risk of human error and resulting in inadequate data to measure the severity of faults accurately.

Furthermore, they fail to predict the probability of faults recurring and within what timeframe. Such inadequacy contributes to financial losses, unreliable asset downtime, and interrupted grid operations.

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